The fish tissue δ 13C and Δ 199Hg values indicate that there is a higher influence of mine-sourced Hg in fish feeding in a more sediment-based food web and less so in planktonic and littoral-based food webs. While sediment concentrations clearly show the influence of the mine, the relationship in fish is more complicated due to differences in methylmercury (MeHg) formation and the foraging behavior of different fish species. However, in the fish samples the opposite trend was observed-the degree of mine-related Hg was lower in fish with the higher THg concentrations. Within the reservoir sediment, the Hg isotopic composition indicated that the proportion of the Hg related to mine-release increased with THg concentrations. Similar differences in isotopic composition were observed between stream water that flowed through the tailings (particulate bound δ 202Hg: −0.58‰ dissolved: −0.91‰) versus a background stream (particle-bound δ 202Hg: −2.36‰ dissolved: −2.09‰). Mercury stable isotope fractionation analysis showed that the mine tailings (δ 202Hg: −0.36‰ ± 0.03‰) had a distinctive isotopic composition compared to background soils (δ 202Hg: −2.30‰ ± 0.25‰). The concentrations of total-Hg (THg) in the reservoir fish were 4-fold higher than those further downstream (>90 km) from the mine site in free-flowing sections of the river. The study site is located within the Willamette River watershed (Oregon, United States), which includes free-flowing river segments and a reservoir downstream of the mine. This study uses measurements of Hg stable isotopes in soil, sediment, water, and fish to differentiate between Hg from an abandoned Hg mine from non-mine-related sources. Identifying the source of Hg in water, sediment, and fish downstream of contaminated sites is important for determining the effectiveness of source-control remediation actions. Ecosystems downstream of mercury (Hg) contaminated sites can be impacted by both localized releases as well as Hg deposited to the watershed from atmospheric transport.
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